"The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein disrupts the cooperative function of human cardiac pericytes - endothelial cells through CD147 receptor-mediated signalling: a potential non-infective mechanism of COVID-19 microvascular disease"
Findings : We show, for the first time, that the recombinant S protein alone elicits functional alterations in cardiac PCs.
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link to www.biorxiv.org (secure)]
researchers created a “pseudovirus” that was surrounded by SARS-CoV-2 classic crown of spike proteins, but did not contain any actual virus. Exposure to this pseudovirus resulted in damage to the lungs and arteries of an animal model—proving that the spike protein alone was enough to cause disease. Tissue samples showed inflammation in endothelial cells lining the pulmonary artery walls.
The team then replicated this process in the lab, exposing healthy endothelial cells (which line arteries) to the spike protein. They showed that the spike protein damaged the cells by binding ACE2. This binding disrupted ACE2’s molecular signaling to mitochondria (organelles that generate energy for cells), causing the mitochondria to become damaged and fragmented.
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link to www.salk.edu (secure)]
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein alone may cause lung damage
"Using a newly developed mouse model of acute lung injury, researchers found that exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein alone was enough to induce COVID-19-like symptoms including severe inflammation of the lungs."
"Our findings show that the SARS-CoV2 spike protein causes lung injury even without the presence of intact virus," "This previously unknown mechanism could cause symptoms before substantial viral replication occurs."
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link to medicalxpress.com (secure)]
A couple of other papers on the damaging effects of the spike protein alone. Note this isn't a direct link to the jab but that would be the next step to research; the implication is obvious.
Grobbelaar et al., SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 induces fibrin(ogen) resistant to fibrinolysis: Implications for microclot formation in COVID-19, 8 Mar 2021, preprint [
link to www.medrxiv.org (secure)]
Nuovo et al., Endothelial cell damage is the central part of COVID-19 and a mouse model induced by injection of the S1 subunit of the spike protein, Annals Diagnostic Pathol, April 2021 [
link to www.sciencedirect.com (secure)]
Buzhdygan et al., The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein alters barrier function in 2D static and 3D microfluidic in-vitro models of the human blood–brain barrier, Neurobiol Disease, Dec 2020 [
link to www.sciencedirect.com (secure)] /
This MERS vaccine was effective in eliciting antibodies but caused increased lung damage on subsequent infection. "Immunization with inactivated Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus vaccine leads to lung immunopathology on challenge with live virus"
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link to pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (secure)]