Glucose Metabolism (syndrome-X, hyperinsulemia, obesity, supplements list content)

Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes is the condition most obviously linked to insulin resistance. Compensatory hyperinsuliemia helps maintain normal glucose levels – often for decades before over diabetes develops. Eventually the beta cells of the pancreas are unable to overcome insulin resistance through hypersecretion. Glucose levels rise and the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes can be made.

Glycation
High blood glucose damages proteins, a process called glycation. When blood sugar is high, extra glucose becomes attached to various proteins, including hemoglobin. A protein with a glucose attached is said to be glycosated and in the case of hemoglobin, is measured as HbA1c. Glycation, a reaction occurring between proteins and glucose is recognised as a major contributor to aging and perhaps cancer. When blood glucose levels are high, AGEs are easily formed explaining why damage inflicted by glycation is typically 2 to three times higher in the diabetic. These crosslinks cause hardening of localised tissues and hasten the aging process. Kidneys are particularly prone to this!

Glysation inhibitors are:
• ALT-711 (88%)
• Aminoguanidine HCL (68%)
• N-Acetylcysteine (60%)
• Glutathione (56%)
• Acetylsalicylic Acid (47%) – Aspirin
• Sodium bisulfite (51%) – Food additive
• Sodiumsulfite (40%) – Food additive

So in order: aminoguanidine (best), then carnosine, alpha lipoic acid, aspirin, chromium and vitamin C. Thyme!

Promoters are:
Acetaldehyde (-74%) (ie: Vinegar!)

Agents that lower Blood Glucose

In LE Magazine (January 2004) they have an article called: What You Don't Know About Blood Sugar. In the article they publish the table below.

Our new hypothesis indicates that fasting blood glucose of greater than 85 mg/dL is a signal of a metabolic disturbance that may lead to the development of degenerative disease. Most aging people have glucose levels above 85, and this age group also suffers from a plethora of disease states.

Nutrients That Have Been Shown to Reduce Fasting Blood
Glucose Levels (primarily in diabetic patients)

• Chromium 70-74
• Magnesium 76-80
• Alpha Lipoic acid 81-94
• Carnitine 95-96
• Biotin 98-108
• Zinc 138-45
• Vanadium 146-50

Chromium keeps blood sugar at 70-74, below the 85mg/ml. So the most effective form here is Chromium, Metaformin (Glucophage), Alpha Lipoic Acid, Magnesium, Carnitine.

Sugars For Diabetes

noninsulin-requiring sugars include sorbitol, mannitol, inositol (muscle sugar - B vitamin), and xylitol. Fructose releases less insulin over a longer time and consequently causes fewer problems than sucrose (cane or beet sugar) or glucose. There is evidence however, that fructose elevates triglycerides more than sucrose does. Honey and brown sugar have the same type of insulin-releasing effect as sucrose and therefore offer no advantages in this respect.

Increasing Insulin Sensitivity
Carbohydrates burn cleanly, with lactic acid being the main byproduct from high glucose in the liver. Proteins and fats for energy yield ketones and uric acid!

Insulin sensitizers or "carbohydrate managers"
Zinc, magnesium,

Muscle sugars: inositol is high in grapefruit, oranges and lecithin meal.

Core supplements to tackle hyperinsulema

* Alpha lipoic acid 250mg/daily or 600-1800mg daily (diabetes)
Lowers glucose and insulin levels
33% increase burning of glucose
27% increase insulin sensivitity
50% increase insulin stimulated glucose disposal
Potent antioxidant for both fatty and water based free radicals (rare!) Lowers cholesterol. Found In spinach, red meats, potato peel, organ meats: heart, liver kidneys.

* Chromium, 200-600mcg daily
Modulates blood glucose levels
40% decrease in insulin resistance
Lowers hbA1C levels
Aids weight loss
Inhibits glycation
Chromium nicotinate is better assimilated and will
result in weight loss without any exercise

* Carnitine, 500-1000mg twice daily
Increases insulin sensitivity
Optimises fat and carb metabol
Reduces hbA1C levels
Assists with fat loss.
Acetyl-L-carnitine is preferred.
Reduces polyols (alcohols) in nerve cells.
Deficiency linked to cardiomyopathy: non-functional
fibrous material replacing heart tissue.

* Vanadium (Vanadyl Sulfate), 22.5mg dialy for 3 months
7.5-15mg thereafter
Mimics the activity of insulin
Lowers blood glucose levels
Activates insulin receptors


Other blood glucose lowering substances:

* American/Korean Ginseng (5% ginsenosides)550mg twice daily, 40 mins before food.
Suppresses meal glucose spike.
20% decrease in blood glucose after meals

* Biotin, 8 to 16mg/day
Aids in utilisation of blood glucose
Works synergestically with insulin to increase activity
of glucokinase, responsible for first step of glucose
utilisation

* Bilberry, 80 to 160mg/day with 25% anthocyanidins
Reduces blood glucose levels
Relatives such as blueberry, cranberry, huckleberry,
blackberry, grape, plum and wild cherry and they have
been used traditionally for problems with visual acuity.
They all contain compounds known as anthocyanosides,
which are potent antioxidants. Bilberry anthocyanosides
strengthen the capillaries in the retina, which helps
slow macular degeneration.

* Conjugated Linoleic Acid, 3 to 6 grams daily
Improves insulin sensitivity
Reduces blood glucose levels
Aid to weight management
Leptin, a protein that relays to the brain to stop
eating was increase 83% when supplemented with CLA.
Assists in losing weight and keeping it off.

* EFAs Omega3 & 6, 1 gram DHA/EPA and 1gram GLA
Aid to weight management
Reduce CRP
GLA activates brown fat to burn off fat and keep it off

* Bitter Melon aka Bitter Gourd Momordica Charantia
Lower blood sugar levels 10-15% after 1hour
Also anti-viral and anti-tumour activity

* Onions
Flavonoids (esp quercertin) lower blood glucose
Raw or lightly cooked
Competes with insulin for insulin degradation sites in
the liver, thereby sparing insulin’s functional lifespan.

* Fibre, soluble and insoluble, 20 to 35grams daily
Lowers blood glucose levels
Lowers circulating insulin levels (hyperinsulinemia)
insoluble fibre benefits gut
Competes with insulin for insulin degradation sites in
the liver, thereby sparing insulin’s functional lifespan.

* Ginkgo Biloba, 120mg taken at bedtime
Increased production and secretion of insulin
Powerful antioxidant.
Inappropriate if have hyperinsulinemia.

* Gymestra sylvestre, 260mg daily standardised to 75% gymemic acid with each meal
Raw ingredient for pancreas beta cell regeneration
Reduced blood glucose

* Magnesium, 500mg + 50mg B6 daily in divided doses daily
Lowers blood glucose levels
Increases insulin sensivity
Calms sympathetic nervous sys

* Niacin (B3), 500mg daily 1st month, 250mg daily thereafter
Reduces blood glucose levels
Note: oversupply of B3 can be contrary and increase
blood glucose levels.

* Vit C, 1000-3000mg daily in divided doses
Reduces blood glucose levels
Reduces CRP levels
Inhibits glycation
Prevents sortibol accumulation
Protects against free radicals

* Vit E, 400 to 1200IU per day
Enhances insulin sensivity and glucose transport

* Vit K, 10mg/day
Decreases glucose load after a meal

Proper medication for Insulin Resistence
. Avandia / Actos
. Metformin: lowers blood glucose by decreasing sugar production and absorption and helping the body respond to its own insulin.