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Message Subject
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The VOID
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Poster Handle
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Seer777 |
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The Neurochemistry of Forgiving and ForgettingThe findings suggest that oxytocin helps us maintain relationships by decreasing our fear of betrayal and other potential negative consequences of interacting with others, says Mauricio Delgado, a cognitive neuroscientist at Rutgers University in Newark, New Jersey. "Humans are typically averse towards social risks, so a little bit of oxytocin may facilitate carrying on relationships with others," he says.
The findings raise the possibility that social phobia is caused in part by a defect in how oxytocin normally regulates brain activity, Baumgartner says. Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg, a neuroscientist at the Central Institute of Mental Health in Mannheim, Germany, suggests that oxytocin signaling could also be disrupted in other disorders in which lack of trust or social attachment is a prominent problem, such as autism and schizophrenia. [ link to www.sciencemag.org (secure)] Oxytocin & the Biochemical Effects of BetrayalThe neuroeconomist Ernst Fehr adds: “We have discovered significant elements of the neural basis of trust after a betrayal of trust has taken place. In view of the importance of trust in human social interaction, these results open up the possibility of being able to fathom and increase our general understanding of the neurophysiological basis of prosocial behavior.” [ link to psychcentral.com (secure)] Quoting: Seer777 [ link to imgur.com (secure)] How Our Brains Adapt to Trust and BetrayalI recently read about an interesting study in London that explored how the brain adapted to cooperative (trustworthy) social encounters as well as untrustworthy ones (betrayals). Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the researchers found that cooperation and betrayal in social exchanges led to unique patterns of brain activity. Specifically, when we encounter unexpected cooperation from someone, we adapt our behavior more than when we encounter unanticipated betrayal. Also, as we engage in more and more social exchanges, our brain reacts less and less to untrustworthy people.
Hmmm…this sounds to me like our brain is learning! Excellent. In other words (and the authors came to this conclusion, too), as the number of people we meet in life continues to rise, untrustworthy and uncooperative behavior becomes less surprising. [ link to www.mentalhelp.net (secure)] 
We are taught that to be truly happy in life, we must learn to trust others. So, sometimes reluctantly, we let down our guard and we trust. When relationships become psychologically intimate, we have put our trust in another. We have made ourselves vulnerable to another person. We believe this person accepts us unconditionally, believes in us, and “has our back.” We cherish such a relationship because we believe our partner is understanding, faithful, and devoted in good times and bad.
Betrayal represents a traumatic death—not of a person, but of a relationship. As you might expect, individuals who have been betrayed by a partner in a trusting psychologically intimate relationship experience many of the symptoms of PTSD. They will often report guilt, depression, psychological numbing, suspiciousness, hyper-vigilance, withdrawal from others, nightmares, and continually—almost addictively—reliving both the positive moments (longingly) and the negative moments (painfully) of the relationship, especially the moment of the revelation of the betrayal. Again, as you might expect, the betrayal engenders a terrible loss of self-esteem, the rise of self-doubt, the inability to trust again, and the desire to avoid relationships in the future. [ link to www.psychologytoday.com (secure)] 
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