Can everyone really not see what is about to happen to America? | |
Hard Eight
User ID: 42616711 United States 12/02/2014 03:09 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | The value of the US dollar is determined in large part by the fact that oil is sold in US dollars. If that trade shifts to a different currency, countries around the world won't need all their US money. The resulting sell-off of US dollars would weaken the currency dramatically. Quoting: Anonymous Coward 35101604 So here's an interesting thought experiment. Everybody says the US goes to war to protect its oil supplies, but doesn't it really go to war to ensure the continuation of the petrodollar system? The Iraq war provides a good example. Until November 2000, no OPEC country had dared to violate the US dollar-pricing rule, and while the US dollar remained the strongest currency in the world there was also little reason to challenge the system. But in late 2000, France and a few other EU members convinced Saddam Hussein to defy the petrodollar process and sell Iraq's oil for food in euros, not dollars. In the time between then and the March 2003 American invasion of Iraq, several other nations hinted at their interest in non-US dollar oil trading, including Russia, Iran, Indonesia, and even Venezuela. In April 2002, Iranian OPEC representative Javad Yarjani was invited to Spain by the EU to deliver a detailed analysis of how OPEC might at some point sell its oil to the EU for euros, not dollars. This movement, founded in Iraq, was starting to threaten the dominance of the US dollar as the global reserve currency and petro currency. In March 2003, the US invaded Iraq, ending the oil-for-food program and its euro payment program. There are many other historic examples of the US stepping in to halt a movement away from the petrodollar system, often in covert ways. In February 2011 Dominique Strauss-Kahn, managing director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), called for a new world currency to challenge the dominance of the US dollar. Three months later a maid at the Sofitel New York Hotel alleged that Strauss-Kahn sexually assaulted her. Strauss-Kahn was forced out of his role at the IMF within weeks; he has since been cleared of any wrongdoing. War and insidious interventions of this sort may be costly, but the costs of not protecting the petrodollar system would be far higher. If euros, yen, renminbi, rubles, or for that matter straight gold, were generally accepted for oil, the US dollar would quickly become irrelevant, rendering the currency almost worthless. As the rest of the world realizes that there are other options besides the US dollar for global transactions, the US is facing a very significant – and very messy – transition in the global oil machine. Great post! Gadhafi’s Gold-money Plan Would Have Devastated Dollar It remains unclear exactly why or how the Gadhafi regime went from “a model” and an “important ally” to the next target for regime change in a period of just a few years. But after claims of “genocide” as the justification for NATO intervention were disputed by experts, several other theories have been floated. Oil, of course, has been mentioned frequently — Libya is Africa‘s largest oil producer. [link to www.thenewamerican.com] Texas has yet to learn submission to any oppression, come from what source it may. Sam Houston "The beauty of the Second Amendment is that it will not be needed until they try to take it." Thomas Jefferson If you don't read the newspaper you are uninformed, if you do read the newspaper you are misinformed. -- Mark Twain Giving money and power to government is like giving whiskey and keys to teenage boys. -- P.J. O'Rourke, Civil Libertarian |
Anonymous Coward User ID: 65698800 South Africa 12/02/2014 03:12 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | 1. When will this supposedly start? Quoting: Anonymous Coward 1055984 2. How will it supposedly start? 3. What should we do to prepare if ever this actually were to happen? Can't tell you when, but it will look like this: America becomes a poor third world country, like Libya or Vietnam. Americans illegally crossing the Mexican border, to look for jobs. Any jobs. Working as housemaids in Mexican homes etc. Emigrate to Philippines and elsewhere as cheap labour force. Growing vegetables on your front lawns, and chicken in the backyard. Buying food becomes too expensive, you know. Using newspapers instead of toilet paper. You are very poor, remember. Riding the second-, no, third-hand cars. That is, those who can afford petrol. Oh yes, and petrol will cost at least twice more than now, this is how much it costs in the rest of the world now. Beggars at street corners will become a normal phenomena. One of them might be you... |
A Muse
User ID: 64243088 United States 12/02/2014 03:13 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | The value of the US dollar is determined in large part by the fact that oil is sold in US dollars. If that trade shifts to a different currency, countries around the world won't need all their US money. The resulting sell-off of US dollars would weaken the currency dramatically. Quoting: Anonymous Coward 35101604 So here's an interesting thought experiment. Everybody says the US goes to war to protect its oil supplies, but doesn't it really go to war to ensure the continuation of the petrodollar system? The Iraq war provides a good example. Until November 2000, no OPEC country had dared to violate the US dollar-pricing rule, and while the US dollar remained the strongest currency in the world there was also little reason to challenge the system. But in late 2000, France and a few other EU members convinced Saddam Hussein to defy the petrodollar process and sell Iraq's oil for food in euros, not dollars. In the time between then and the March 2003 American invasion of Iraq, several other nations hinted at their interest in non-US dollar oil trading, including Russia, Iran, Indonesia, and even Venezuela. In April 2002, Iranian OPEC representative Javad Yarjani was invited to Spain by the EU to deliver a detailed analysis of how OPEC might at some point sell its oil to the EU for euros, not dollars. This movement, founded in Iraq, was starting to threaten the dominance of the US dollar as the global reserve currency and petro currency. In March 2003, the US invaded Iraq, ending the oil-for-food program and its euro payment program. There are many other historic examples of the US stepping in to halt a movement away from the petrodollar system, often in covert ways. In February 2011 Dominique Strauss-Kahn, managing director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), called for a new world currency to challenge the dominance of the US dollar. Three months later a maid at the Sofitel New York Hotel alleged that Strauss-Kahn sexually assaulted her. Strauss-Kahn was forced out of his role at the IMF within weeks; he has since been cleared of any wrongdoing. War and insidious interventions of this sort may be costly, but the costs of not protecting the petrodollar system would be far higher. If euros, yen, renminbi, rubles, or for that matter straight gold, were generally accepted for oil, the US dollar would quickly become irrelevant, rendering the currency almost worthless. As the rest of the world realizes that there are other options besides the US dollar for global transactions, the US is facing a very significant – and very messy – transition in the global oil machine. Great post! Gadhafi’s Gold-money Plan Would Have Devastated Dollar It remains unclear exactly why or how the Gadhafi regime went from “a model” and an “important ally” to the next target for regime change in a period of just a few years. But after claims of “genocide” as the justification for NATO intervention were disputed by experts, several other theories have been floated. Oil, of course, has been mentioned frequently — Libya is Africa‘s largest oil producer. [link to www.thenewamerican.com] Oil and a failure to accept and partake in the new world order agenda contributed to his demise. You don't mess with the terrorist states of acirema! It is said that a grateful heart never gets depressed. |
Anonymous Coward User ID: 65699276 Moldova 12/02/2014 03:16 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | We've had collapses before... what makes this so different? (I agree w you that one is coming, but would like to keep the conversation going) Quoting: SeaCharger The massive preparation that our government has undertaken has convinced me that, by their actions, they believe this coming collapse will make all previous collapses look like a kindergarten picnic. The have militarized law enforcement and stockpiled enough supplies and ammunition to fight a decade long war. They have seized control of the media, green lighted legislation to strip the rights of anybody they deem a threat. This controlled takeover is reminiscent of the Nazi parties 1930's takeover of Germany. I have an 82 year old friend that literally is crying & screaming. "Do people not see that this is 1932 Germany all over again, I had to live through that, please God tell me I don't have to live through it again" I simply do not understand why people are so blind to what is going on. |
Anonymous Coward User ID: 2562806 United States 12/02/2014 03:17 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | This is a very good point. So we don't manufacture all that much these days right. So how much demand will there be for a flatscreen TV, a Cell Phone, a new Car? Much of what makes America run is well, Americans! The Farmer will still have food, even without the big green mega million John Deer tractor. The Ranchers wills till ranch beef, rabbits, sheep, chickens etc. Raw materials are here in abundance, you can cut wood and shape it into anything from a fire log to major construction. The people who will be hurt are the ones who have no skills, who believe in socialism, who do not want to work and happen to also believe they are owed something. First they will get hungry, then angry, then they will begin to steal or take, then they will be dead. Barter will be the currency of the day. We will not need money, people will be people and will pay their debts with work, or with services. The Fed and big government will be a distant memory. So will everything related to it. Americans will be just fine. This e who want the system to take care of them, will find it hard, very hard. Your scenario assumes this collapse is 'accidental'. It isn't. This has been planned for 100 years or more. They aleady have a solution too, and it involves an overt UN/globalist takeover. There will not be enough of us independent-minded people to stage a succesful resistance, we will be far outnumbered by the takers and those lacking the skills, or resources, to fend for themselves. Those of us who want no part of their pre-planned solution will be labeled domestic terrorists and dealt with accordingly. |
Anonymous Coward User ID: 33653516 United States 12/02/2014 03:21 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | |
Anonymous Coward User ID: 5533379 United States 12/02/2014 03:22 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | |
NewtonsOwn
(OP) User ID: 63980044 United States 12/02/2014 03:22 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | |
Anonymous Coward User ID: 11110250 United States 12/02/2014 03:23 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | We've had collapses before... what makes this so different? (I agree w you that one is coming, but would like to keep the conversation going) Quoting: SeaCharger The massive preparation that our government has undertaken has convinced me that, by their actions, they believe this coming collapse will make all previous collapses look like a kindergarten picnic. The have militarized law enforcement and stockpiled enough supplies and ammunition to fight a decade long war. They have seized control of the media, green lighted legislation to strip the rights of anybody they deem a threat. This controlled takeover is reminiscent of the Nazi parties 1930's takeover of Germany. I have an 82 year old friend that literally is crying & screaming. "Do people not see that this is 1932 Germany all over again, I had to live through that, please God tell me I don't have to live through it again" I simply do not understand why people are so blind to what is going on. We are under the curse of God's judgement. We have turned our face from Him, and our sin has reached His throne. Our collective failure to "see" is because of this judgement. Soon we will drink from the cup of His wrath. All Christians, we must stand in the gap and pray. It may yet mitigate some of what is to come. |
Anonymous Coward User ID: 8290890 United States 12/02/2014 03:24 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | The dollar won't collapse because the dollar is backed by the new coin of the realm technology and military might not the old coin of the realm petro dollar. The dollar won't collapse because the dollar is backed by the new coin of the realm technology and military might not the old coin of the realm petro dollar. Yeah we all know how the old USSR did with their whole militarized backed financial system. They lived it, came thru it, and some say much better at standing than the US is if there is global currency collapse. Tough old fuckers and smart technology driven young folk. Apparently history hasn't taught us Americans' a damn thing, but thats ok we can all blame common core. |
Anonymous Coward User ID: 5533379 United States 12/02/2014 03:25 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Like your line of thinking OP... actually it's more I'm concerned that you're right. Pinned it for you. Quoting: LindaE Thank you! I hope I'm wrong, but I don't believe I am. The signs are all there. The collapse is coming. What is the sovereign wealth of the United States? You are dumb. |
Anonymous Coward User ID: 2562806 United States 12/02/2014 03:25 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | |
Anonymous Coward User ID: 5533379 United States 12/02/2014 03:28 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | The dollar won't collapse because the dollar is backed by the new coin of the realm technology and military might not the old coin of the realm petro dollar. The dollar won't collapse because the dollar is backed by the new coin of the realm technology and military might not the old coin of the realm petro dollar. Yeah we all know how the old USSR did with their whole militarized backed financial system. They lived it, came thru it, and some say much better at standing than the US is if there is global currency collapse. Tough old fuckers and smart technology driven young folk. Apparently history hasn't taught us Americans' a damn thing, but thats ok we can all blame common core. CIA melted Russia through LTCM. Russia responded with 9-11. Now you know. |
Anonymous Coward User ID: 5533379 United States 12/02/2014 03:30 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | OP doesn't understand the difference between M2 and M3. Quoting: Anonymous Coward 5533379:MV8yNz3NjczNzk1XzZGRDk2MzM5The dollar is strong broseph. Relax. Keep deluding yourself, just dont ever say you were not warned. The money supply is still below peak levels. M3 is the crux of any monetary debate. OP is extremely dumb. |
Anonymous Coward User ID: 64362670 United States 12/02/2014 03:31 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | |
Resister
User ID: 36421936 United States 12/02/2014 03:32 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Lots of people see what is already happening and are not naïve about how bad things could get. Most of us though just can't do a damn thing about it, but buy bread, butter, and bullets until such time as they are needed. The militia men of the revolutionary war were told, "don't fire until you see the whites of their eyes". That was because they righteously fought a defensive war, didn't have the powder to waste, and needed every shot to count. Don't think that today just because many people insist on maintaining peace, civility, and basic law and order for as long as possible that we aren't still capable of the same kind of self preservation against an abusive government. Modern society is way too depended on just in time inventory, instant communications, and the electrical grid. When those things are attacked a lot of people will either submit or die. There will be some though who will remember their heritage and resist with a lot more strength and resolve than is expected. Yes, some people do see what is happening. We aren't blind or complacent, just quietly watching. "God forbid we should ever be 20 years without such a rebellion. The people cannot be all, & always, well informed... If they remain quiet under such misconceptions it is a lethargy, the forerunner of death to the public liberty... Let them take arms... What signify a few lives lost in a century or two? The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots & tyrants. " - Thomas Jefferson in 1787 |
Time Is Short
User ID: 50958564 United States 12/02/2014 03:34 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | We've had collapses before... what makes this so different? (I agree w you that one is coming, but would like to keep the conversation going) Quoting: SeaCharger The massive preparation that our government has undertaken has convinced me that, by their actions, they believe this coming collapse will make all previous collapses look like a kindergarten picnic. The have militarized law enforcement and stockpiled enough supplies and ammunition to fight a decade long war. They have seized control of the media, green lighted legislation to strip the rights of anybody they deem a threat. This controlled takeover is reminiscent of the Nazi parties 1930's takeover of Germany. You're spot on. I was saying this in 2012, when Obama was passing the NDAA law. It resembles what the Nazi's did before they moved further. It's messed up, and the saddest part is that I am alone in any motives to try and get out of this mess. I'm a broke student, even if I wanted to get out of this circle of madness (Canada won't look good either) -- I wouldn't know where to go or what to do. The people with rich families who are my age are lucky, a tad clueless most of them. They will stay until the end, until it's too late. I have sort of accepted my fate, realizing how short this life is regardless. To be honest, if a WW3 type of event pans out I am not certain of any areas in the rest of the world that would be safe from America's wrath. The whole world will feel what is to come some time in the future. It brings a tear to my eye, but I am just one man. Some people need to realize that we are not fighting other men. The driving force behind the next Nazi Germany is something incredibly powerful. Last Edited by Time Is Short on 12/02/2014 03:37 PM |
A Muse
User ID: 64243088 United States 12/02/2014 03:35 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | This is a very good point. So we don't manufacture all that much these days right. So how much demand will there be for a flatscreen TV, a Cell Phone, a new Car? Much of what makes America run is well, Americans! The Farmer will still have food, even without the big green mega million John Deer tractor. The Ranchers wills till ranch beef, rabbits, sheep, chickens etc. Raw materials are here in abundance, you can cut wood and shape it into anything from a fire log to major construction. The people who will be hurt are the ones who have no skills, who believe in socialism, who do not want to work and happen to also believe they are owed something. First they will get hungry, then angry, then they will begin to steal or take, then they will be dead. Barter will be the currency of the day. We will not need money, people will be people and will pay their debts with work, or with services. The Fed and big government will be a distant memory. So will everything related to it. Americans will be just fine. This e who want the system to take care of them, will find it hard, very hard. Your scenario assumes this collapse is 'accidental'. It isn't. This has been planned for 100 years or more. They aleady have a solution too, and it involves an overt UN/globalist takeover. There will not be enough of us independent-minded people to stage a succesful resistance, we will be far outnumbered by the takers and those lacking the skills, or resources, to fend for themselves. Those of us who want no part of their pre-planned solution will be labeled domestic terrorists and dealt with accordingly. ^^^^^^^^^^^HE IS RIGHT YOU KNOW! It is said that a grateful heart never gets depressed. |
Anonymous Coward User ID: 61037425 United States 12/02/2014 03:38 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Posts like this are the reason I occasionally wander over here, what with all the tard-tards who can't spell or post anything more lucid than a dopey one-liner and a cartoon. The real question mark in all of this is which way the military will face when they fire? Will a paycheck make them fire on civilians, or will they turn around and start arresting and shooting the millionaires and politicians who crashed everything? Sometimes I think I'm only sticking around out of morbid curiosity, but at least I'm pre-bugged out. Good luck with everything there in the cities, 12 hours after the lights go out and stay out. |
Anonymous Coward User ID: 65697446 New Zealand 12/02/2014 03:40 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | The value of the US dollar is determined in large part by the fact that oil is sold in US dollars. If that trade shifts to a different currency, countries around the world won't need all their US money. The resulting sell-off of US dollars would weaken the currency dramatically. ... Quoting: Anonymous Coward 35101604 That will lead to a massive export boom and huge business uptick in America. As every country scrambles to buy from USA anything of substance (aircraft, trucks, bulldozers, glass, corn syrup, paper, anything of substance) and pay with the proceeds of selling T-bills. Business will look real good as willing buyers who are willing to pay ever higher prices all come out of the woodwork. Happy times for business, taxes for the government, ever more greenbacks printed to redeem those T-bills. Pretty good until you want to import something. But then USA was self-sufficient before, USA can be self-sufficient again. Just bring our boys home, close overseas military bases and we will be fine in America. Haha yeah bc all the people whos families were killed in drone strikes and murdered and raped by disgusting US soldiers will just leave you all alone. Your CUNTry is done. You morons pay for your slavery daily, Black friday fucking mindless sacks if shit. |
Anonymous Coward User ID: 44861234 United States 12/02/2014 03:43 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | |
Anonymous Coward User ID: 5533379 United States 12/02/2014 03:43 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | |
Time Is Short
User ID: 50958564 United States 12/02/2014 03:43 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Posts like this are the reason I occasionally wander over here, what with all the tard-tards who can't spell or post anything more lucid than a dopey one-liner and a cartoon. Quoting: Anonymous Coward 61037425 The real question mark in all of this is which way the military will face when they fire? Will a paycheck make them fire on civilians, or will they turn around and start arresting and shooting the millionaires and politicians who crashed everything? Sometimes I think I'm only sticking around out of morbid curiosity, but at least I'm pre-bugged out. Good luck with everything there in the cities, 12 hours after the lights go out and stay out. Depends how brainwashed the lot are. I have heard something that China was bringing over soldiers to the U.S. to be stationed and trained -- now the Chinese I believe would have no problem taking back all the debt with guns and gold and bullets. |
NewtonsOwn
(OP) User ID: 63980044 United States 12/02/2014 03:45 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | We've had collapses before... what makes this so different? (I agree w you that one is coming, but would like to keep the conversation going) Quoting: SeaCharger The massive preparation that our government has undertaken has convinced me that, by their actions, they believe this coming collapse will make all previous collapses look like a kindergarten picnic. The have militarized law enforcement and stockpiled enough supplies and ammunition to fight a decade long war. They have seized control of the media, green lighted legislation to strip the rights of anybody they deem a threat. This controlled takeover is reminiscent of the Nazi parties 1930's takeover of Germany. I have an 82 year old friend that literally is crying & screaming. "Do people not see that this is 1932 Germany all over again, I had to live through that, please God tell me I don't have to live through it again" I simply do not understand why people are so blind to what is going on. Yes, my friend, it is happening again. America is the 4th Reich and our Reichstag event is on its way. It will take but one massive "terror attack" and the martial law iron curtain will fall and the takeover will be complete. The dark empire is forming, a global government bolstered by a global religion, Chrislam, with Mahdi Obama leading the way and false prophet Jesuit Frances bringing down fire from heaven in the sight of men, heralding the arrival of his master. Dark Star approaches.....the Red Dragon comes on swift wings of death. All will seem lost but we will have final victory. |
carolineS
User ID: 65141129 United States 12/02/2014 03:46 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | |
Time Is Short
User ID: 50958564 United States 12/02/2014 03:48 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | |
Hard Eight
User ID: 42616711 United States 12/02/2014 03:51 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Govt. and it's dependent parasites are keeping the host(producers) alive just until they're no longer needed for survival. I don't like contemplating what may come next. Texas has yet to learn submission to any oppression, come from what source it may. Sam Houston "The beauty of the Second Amendment is that it will not be needed until they try to take it." Thomas Jefferson If you don't read the newspaper you are uninformed, if you do read the newspaper you are misinformed. -- Mark Twain Giving money and power to government is like giving whiskey and keys to teenage boys. -- P.J. O'Rourke, Civil Libertarian |
Anonymous Coward User ID: 61974406 United States 12/02/2014 03:54 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | |
Artemis Rand User ID: 65242103 United States 12/02/2014 03:55 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Back in 2008, when the markets tanked and governments all over the world began to realize that the petro-dollar was in fact collapsing and would not pull out of its tailspin, our leaders in America orchestrated a plan for the coming inevitable collapse of our financial system. Quoting: NewtonsOwn First, they started QE and began dumping extra money into the market to keep it afloat while they began to work their plan. The stockpiling of emergency supplies began in earnest, mostly in fema region 3, close to D.C. The stockpiling of massive amounts of hollow-point ammunition, and the preparation of fema emergency camps soon followed. The passage of laws like NDAA and the internet kill switch were green lighted, government officials were placed in news agencies to facilitate the proper dissemination of information to the people. Obama phones are being given away, so that everyone will be able to see and hear the dear leaders federally mandated emergency addresses when the time comes. Massive drills were prepared and executed, some with foreign forces assisting us military personnel, like the drill retaking Denver international airport from a hostile force by the US army and Russian spetznaz working together. The U.N. small arms treaty was signed by Obama, promising the U.N. that the disarming of the American populace would indeed take place at some point in the near future. Look this up, U.N. small arms treaty. You WILL be disarmed. Laws have been passed to seize your stockpiled food. See how this neatly circumvents the preparations some of the wiser amongst us have made? Look people, the plan for a controlled collapse of the American financial system has been put into place all around us for the past several years, and now they are ready to let the markets fail. QE has stopped. No more propping up the economy with funny money. They used QE to buy themselves time to implement their plan, and now the preparations are complete. They are ready. Are you? I wrote this on the fly, and I am sure I have left out a few things that can be added to this small list of preparations made by our faithful government so I encourage you all to help list them in this thread. I also hope somebody can help me get a pin for this so it will be seen by as many people as possible. This collapse is coming. Its going to happen. If it wasn't for the guy in your avatar (Tesla) we'd still be in the 1950's, technologically speaking. His AC theory won out over Edison's DC and thank God it did....well done to you.... |
bvndy
User ID: 27237800 United States 12/02/2014 03:59 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | We've had collapses before... what makes this so different? (I agree w you that one is coming, but would like to keep the conversation going) Quoting: SeaCharger The massive preparation that our government has undertaken has convinced me that, by their actions, they believe this coming collapse will make all previous collapses look like a kindergarten picnic. The have militarized law enforcement and stockpiled enough supplies and ammunition to fight a decade long war. They have seized control of the media, green lighted legislation to strip the rights of anybody they deem a threat. This controlled takeover is reminiscent of the Nazi parties 1930's takeover of Germany. They prepared, with our taxmoney of course, but that does not mean that a collapse is inevitable. Sooner or later, but not right now. The collapse in oil prices has decreased the chance for a collapse right now. People have more to spend, are able to produce more. And we will be energy independent in a few years, regardless. You can ignore the consequences of your actions, but you cannot ignore the RESULTS of the consequences of your actions Ayn Rand |