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Smoking Gun; what does USAMRIID research say about aerosolized Ebola Zaire?

 
twortle

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10/04/2014 08:49 AM
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Re: Smoking Gun; what does USAMRIID research say about aerosolized Ebola Zaire?
Per the study, fatality occurred in exposures less than 400 PFU (plaque-forming units). That's not much exposure!
Your papers appear to be in order

"It's all fun and games...until we have to cover it up"
BamBam27

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10/04/2014 09:13 AM
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Re: Smoking Gun; what does USAMRIID research say about aerosolized Ebola Zaire?
Great post!
Thanks! :)
suvalley

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10/04/2014 09:16 AM
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Re: Smoking Gun; what does USAMRIID research say about aerosolized Ebola Zaire?
Thank you, Emerald Eye, for your efforts.

So I have a question, maybe not as foolish as I first thought it was a month or two back, but here goes:

Will a full spectrum grow light kill the virus? I have a pair of 600 watt fixtures for starting veggies every spring, and they only have the one season on them. And if so, any thoughts on how many hours it would take to be reasonably assured its killed?

This supposes that sunlight (and bleach) are our most effective means of treating surfaces contaminated with the virus.

Any thoughts, anyone?
Anonymous Coward
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10/04/2014 09:33 AM
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Re: Smoking Gun; what does USAMRIID research say about aerosolized Ebola Zaire?
Thank you, Emerald Eye, for your efforts.

So I have a question, maybe not as foolish as I first thought it was a month or two back, but here goes:

Will a full spectrum grow light kill the virus? I have a pair of 600 watt fixtures for starting veggies every spring, and they only have the one season on them. And if so, any thoughts on how many hours it would take to be reasonably assured its killed?

This supposes that sunlight (and bleach) are our most effective means of treating surfaces contaminated with the virus.

Any thoughts, anyone?
 Quoting: suvalley


Worthless because its too weak and insufficient UV intensity .
the least expensive uv air and surface disinfective rig would be a shop light twin tube fluorescent fixture with UV tubes in them
they used to put these all over TB wards back in the day before effective drug treatments.
commercial UV sterilization units are expensive
Anonymous Coward
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10/04/2014 09:48 AM
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Re: Smoking Gun; what does USAMRIID research say about aerosolized Ebola Zaire?
Thank you, Emerald Eye, for your efforts.

So I have a question, maybe not as foolish as I first thought it was a month or two back, but here goes:

Will a full spectrum grow light kill the virus? I have a pair of 600 watt fixtures for starting veggies every spring, and they only have the one season on them. And if so, any thoughts on how many hours it would take to be reasonably assured its killed?

This supposes that sunlight (and bleach) are our most effective means of treating surfaces contaminated with the virus.

Any thoughts, anyone?
 Quoting: suvalley


Worthless because its too weak and insufficient UV intensity .
the least expensive uv air and surface disinfective rig would be a shop light twin tube fluorescent fixture with UV tubes in them
they used to put these all over TB wards back in the day before effective drug treatments.
commercial UV sterilization units are expensive
 Quoting: Anonymous Coward 2048750


You need to find tubes that generate wavelengths on 100 to. 280 nm.
UV-C is short wave and degrades the Dna.
if this similarly affects Rna is assumed but not specifically described.
Uv light will burn the eyes especially so precautions would be required.
commercial systems are contained in air ducts to prevent this but then theres no surface disinfection effect.
emerald eye  (OP)
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10/04/2014 11:14 AM

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Re: Smoking Gun; what does USAMRIID research say about aerosolized Ebola Zaire?
Per the study, fatality occurred in exposures less than 400 PFU (plaque-forming units). That's not much exposure!
 Quoting: twortle


Yes, you are correct. It doesn’t take much Ebola virus to infect the lungs. MSM has tried to make it seem like the respiratory system is somehow magically immune to Ebola, and nothing is further from the truth. The lungs are basically air sacs with thin tissues overlying a massive network of tiny blood vessels. The difference between airborne and aerosolized is largely a matter of environmental conditions, rather than an inherent frailty of the virus.

Whether you are at risk standing 3 feet away from the virus, 5 feet, 15 feet, or down the hallway in the next room your risk is largely related to the environmental conditions that exist. This was demonstrated in Reston Virginia where the Ebola Reston virus began to infect monkeys in other rooms what were connected by the air-conditioning system. Why do you think that the CDC wears positive pressure space suits with outside air hoses for all BSL4 level viruses, including Ebola, complete with an airlock, multiple layers of barriers over the entire body, a decontamination room, with a quarantine room if any break in the protective gear is detected?

As you watch this video, touring a BSL4 facility, keep in mind that Ebola is always a BSL4 agent, and watch how carefully it would be handled or worked around, including the security processes. I almost had a heart attack when I saw the pictures of the guy pressure spraying the vomit of the Ebola victim off of the sidewalk in his short-sleeved shirt without any protection. Contrast that with this lab, dealing with the same agent.

[link to www.bu.edu]


If the humidity is high, the virus will collect on the drops, and not travel as far due to sheer gravity. If the environment is hot and sunny, the virus will be more rapidly deactivated. If it is cold, it prolongs viral survival. The virus can survive well dried for several days at room temperature. I t can survive indefinitely at negative 70 degrees Celsius. That is why they keep it in a freezer in these labs.

“Experts say transmission of Ebola virus by air possible”

“In a demonstration of the infectious dose of the Ebola virus, the Public Health Agency of Canada says 1 – 10 aerosolised organisms are sufficient to cause infection in humans.”

“In demonstrating the transmission from pigs to monkeys without any direct contact between them, the scientists housed the pigs carrying the virus in pens with the monkeys in close proximity but separated by a wire barrier. After eight days, some of the macaques (monkeys) were showing clinical signs typical of ebola and were euthanised.
According to the Canadian Public Health Agency: “The virus can survive in liquid or dried material for a number of days. Infectivity is found to be stable at room temperature or at 4 degrees celsius for several days, and indefinitely stable at -70 degrees celsius. Infectivity can be preserved by lyophilisation.”

[link to www.vanguardngr.com]

As far as UV light goes, the advice given earlier is correct. Regular fluorescent lights will not be effective. They make a variety of UV air cleaners and sanitizers. The commercial ones are very effective. I am not sure how effective the smaller units would be, but they are probably better than nothing. One other thing, bleach, bleach, bleach. Bleach has been shown to deactivate the virus.

“The WHO recommendations for cleaning up spills of blood or body fluids suggest flooding the area with a 1:10 dilutions of 5.25% household bleach for 10 minutes for surfaces that can tolerate stronger bleach solutions (e.g., cement, metal).”

“SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISINFECTANTS: Ebolavirus is susceptible to 3% acetic acid, 1% glutaraldehyde, alcohol-based products, and dilutions (1:10-1:100 for ≥10 minutes) of 5.25% household bleach (sodium hypochlorite), and calcium hypochlorite (bleach powder) The WHO recommendations for cleaning up spills of blood or body fluids suggest flooding the area with a 1:10 dilutions of 5.25% household bleach for 10 minutes for surfaces that can tolerate stronger bleach solutions (e.g., cement, metal). For surfaces that may corrode or discolour, they recommend careful cleaning to remove visible stains followed by contact with a 1:100 dilution of 5.25% household bleach for more than 10 minutes.
PHYSICAL INACTIVATION: Ebola are moderately thermolabile and can be inactivated by heating for 30 minutes to 60 minutes at 60°C, boiling for 5 minutes, or gamma irradiation (1.2 x106 rads to 1.27 x106 rads) combined with 1% glutaraldehyde Ebolavirus has also been determined to be moderately sensitive to UVC radiation.
SURVIVAL OUTSIDE HOST: Filoviruses have been reported capable to survive for weeks in blood and can also survive on contaminated surfaces, particularly at low temperatures (4°C). One study could not recover any Ebolavirus from experimentally contaminated surfaces (plastic, metal or glass) at room temperature. In another study, Ebolavirus dried onto glass, polymeric silicone rubber, or painted aluminum alloy is able to survive in the dark for several hours under ambient conditions (between 20 and 250C and 30–40% relative humidity) (amount of virus reduced to 37% after 15.4 hours), but is less stable than some other viral hemorrhagic fevers (Lassa). When dried in tissue culture media onto glass and stored at 4 °C, Zaire ebolavirus survived for over 50 days. This information is based on experimental findings only and not based on observations in nature. This information is intended to be used to support local risk assessments in a laboratory setting.”

[link to www.phac-aspc.gc.ca]

Anyway, I will probably post more later today, I need to milk the goats.hf

Last Edited by emerald eye on 10/04/2014 11:16 AM
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while fear is the obstruction of all dreams.


The only way that anyone gets something for nothing, is that someone else has given up something for nothing.
emerald eye  (OP)
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10/04/2014 11:26 AM

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Re: Smoking Gun; what does USAMRIID research say about aerosolized Ebola Zaire?
One small addition, the wavelengths that I have seen for the UVC germicidal light and that tested on Ebola and Lassa has been 254-260 nm, usually 254. I believe that most of the commercial germicidal lights are at 254 nm wavelength.

“Sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation of Lassa, vaccinia, and Ebola viruses dried on surfaces.”

“The goal of this study was to determine the inactivation kinetics produced by exposure to germicidal UV (UVC, 254 nm radiation) of viruses relevant to public health and biodefense that were deposited and dried onto surfaces.”

[link to nihbrp.com]
Courage forges a path through all obstacles,
while fear is the obstruction of all dreams.


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Anonymous Coward
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10/04/2014 11:45 AM
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Re: Smoking Gun; what does USAMRIID research say about aerosolized Ebola Zaire?
Make your own bleach easilyby repurposing salt water pool chlorination units.
You can expect to use quite a lot and it may become unavailable.

While UVA and UVB are less effective than UVC they do work as microbial disinfectives in water and surfaces and will decrease requirements for bleaches.

Regarding claims of melatonin and anti inflammation and endothelial integrity preservation how is that when compared to decadron or prednisone frinstance?
emerald eye  (OP)
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10/04/2014 03:50 PM

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Re: Smoking Gun; what does USAMRIID research say about aerosolized Ebola Zaire?
Make your own bleach easilyby repurposing salt water pool chlorination units.
You can expect to use quite a lot and it may become unavailable.

While UVA and UVB are less effective than UVC they do work as microbial disinfectives in water and surfaces and will decrease requirements for bleaches.

Regarding claims of melatonin and anti inflammation and endothelial integrity preservation how is that when compared to decadron or prednisone frinstance?
 Quoting: Anonymous Coward 4523543

With regards to prednisone and other corticosteroids because they are immunosuppressants their use would therefore would be not advisable especially in the early with a viral illness when a robust immune response against the virus is desirable.

What you are looking for is anti-inflammatory agents that are not also immunosuppressive.hf

One thing that falls into that category is vitamin D3.

"One of the ways calcitriol helps the body’s immune system to fight infection is by turning on genes which make small proteins called antimicrobial peptides, particularly one called cathelicidin. This small protein has been shown to kill many different pathogens, including bacteria such as M. tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli, fungi such as Candida albicansand viruses such as herpes simplex virus type 1, influenza and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)."
"Paradoxically, despite its ability to induce antimicrobial activity, calcitriol also inhibits many pro-inflammatory signalling molecules (called cytokines and chemokines) which activate and recruit other immune cells and induce anti-inflammatory signals from various immune cells. In general, immune cells make pro-inflammatory cytokines to help activate the immune response during an infection. Recruiting and activating other cells at the site of disease results in the inflammation and raised temperature we all associate with being sick."

[link to www.nimr.mrc.ac.uk]

Melatonin is also thought to have anti-inflammatory activity.

[link to www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[link to www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Last Edited by emerald eye on 10/04/2014 03:54 PM
Courage forges a path through all obstacles,
while fear is the obstruction of all dreams.


The only way that anyone gets something for nothing, is that someone else has given up something for nothing.
emerald eye  (OP)
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10/04/2014 04:07 PM

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Re: Smoking Gun; what does USAMRIID research say about aerosolized Ebola Zaire?
Here is some more information on the use of melatonin in viral illnesses:

“Melatonin: its possible role in the management of viral infections-a brief review"

" Melatonin produced by these non-endocrine organs is not regulated by circadian cycles but rather respond to other signals, exerting a paracrine or autocrine effect that superimpose on the neuroendocrine hormone response [23]. T-lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, eosinophils, and mast cells possess melatonin receptors [22]. Melatonin has the capability to regulate leukocyte function and contributes to the control of inflammation in tissues acting as both an activator and inhibitor of the inflammatory and immune responses [1,2,24,25]. Melatonin administration increases the proliferative response of rat lymphocytes, increases the number of NK cells, stimulates the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, enhances phagocytosis and modulates apoptosis [1]. On the contrary, in other experimental systems, melatonin inhibits translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) to the nucleus, thereby reducing the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines [26]. In addition, melatonin is able to prevent or reduce the inflammatory-derived activation of a variety of enzymes, including phospholipase A2, lipoxygenase, and cyclooxygenases [1]."

"Because of its activity on the central nervous system (CNS), associated with its capability to regulate immune function and to act as powerful free-radical scavenger, melatonin was thought to be able to play a protecting role in infections induced by encephalitis viruses [32]. In this context, melatonin was shown: a) to prevent paralysis and death in mice infected with encephalomyocarditis virus, a highly pathogenic and aggressive virus that causes encephalitis, but also myocarditis, in rodents[32,33]; b) to reduce viremia and significantly postpone the onset of the disease and death in mice infected with the lethal Semliki Forest virus, a classic encephalitis arbovirus that invades the CNS and whose replication in the mouse brain eventually leads to death [34]; c) to attenuate noninvasive West Nile virus-induced disease, counteracting the immunodepressive effect of stress exposure, and to prevent the stress-related encephalitis and death of the infected mice [34]; d) to decrease the virus load in the brain and in serum of mice infected with Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus, reducing mortality rates, delaying the onset of the disease and deferring the time to death [35]. All these studies suggest the concept that the protective mechanisms of melatonin against infections due to encephalitis viruses is probably due to a variety of functions, including the antioxidant activity and the ability to regulate immune functions inhibiting an excessive inflammatory response.

[link to www.ijponline.net]

Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a multifunctional signaling molecule that has a variety of important functions. Numerous clinical trials have examined the therapeutic usefulness of melatonin in different fields of medicine. Clinical trials have shown that melatonin is efficient in preventing cell damage under acute (sepsis, asphyxia in newborns) and chronic states (metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, inflammation, aging). The beneficial effects of melatonin can be explained by its properties as a potent antioxidant and antioxidant enzyme inducer, a regulator of apoptosis and a stimulator of immune functions. These effects support the use of melatonin in viral infections, which are often associated with inflammatory injury and increases in oxidative stress. In fact, melatonin has been used recently to treat several viral infections, which are summarized in this review. The role of melatonin in infections is also discussed herein."

[link to www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Courage forges a path through all obstacles,
while fear is the obstruction of all dreams.


The only way that anyone gets something for nothing, is that someone else has given up something for nothing.
emerald eye  (OP)
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10/04/2014 04:17 PM

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Re: Smoking Gun; what does USAMRIID research say about aerosolized Ebola Zaire?
Here is some information on vitamin D as an anti-viral.
“Vitamin D and the anti-viral state”

“Vitamin D has long been recognized as essential to the skeletal system. Newer evidence suggests that it also plays a major role regulating the immune system, perhaps including immune responses to viral infection. Interventional and observational epidemiological studies provide evidence that vitamin D deficiency may confer increased risk of influenza and respiratory tract infection. Vitamin D deficiency is also prevalent among patients with HIV infection. Cell culture experiments support the thesis that vitamin D has direct anti-viral effects particularly against enveloped viruses. Though vitamin D’s anti-viral mechanism has not been fully established, it may be linked to vitamin D’s ability to up-regulate the anti-microbial peptides LL-37 and human beta defensin 2. Additional studies are necessary to fully elucidate the efficacy and mechanism of vitamin D as an anti-viral agent.”



[link to www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]


I will try to post again later.hf
Courage forges a path through all obstacles,
while fear is the obstruction of all dreams.


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Anonymous Coward
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Re: Smoking Gun; what does USAMRIID research say about aerosolized Ebola Zaire?
Emerald.

The USAMRIID has been working with Ebola and Hemorrhagic fevers of all origins for a VERY long time. A few years back, I was one of a group of people who were weeding through past USAMRIID documentation from studies that were done all over the world dating back to the sixties because they were revisiting a drug that had not been federally approved after many years of research. It is not uncommon for USAMRIID to develop drugs for viruses like Ebola, then turn the drug over to a pharmaceutical company after they have exhausted their early stage research in which double blinded studies are done with a placebo control ....mostly in other countries. I think you can decipher what that means.

Digging for further information can most likely be even more fruitful. This is something I cannot do and post because of the work I did years ago. After the work I did for the company that contracted to USAMRIID, I got out of the field for obvious reasons. Regardless, I'm sure there is lots more research done by USAMRIID to dig up on Ebola that would be beneficial for many to know.

What you have found thus far is horrifying. I for one am extremely concerned for the welfare of my family and the relaxed attitude of those that are supposed to protect the citizens of this country. I'm glad you have been able to uncover what you have and put it out there for others to see. You're thread is a class act as always.
Anonymous Coward
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Re: Smoking Gun; what does USAMRIID research say about aerosolized Ebola Zaire?
bumpFor a great thread!
Epic Beard Guy

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Re: Smoking Gun; what does USAMRIID research say about aerosolized Ebola Zaire?
This needs pinned again. Everyone should read this, over and over if necessary, until it is understood. That's a lot of technical info, but we all need to understand what it means. This could be life saving information. 5*
Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst.
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greggusnlis
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Re: Smoking Gun; what does USAMRIID research say about aerosolized Ebola Zaire?
Colloidal silver, you know the rest. Thanks for ALL the references, yours' truly, check us out at freedomcrowsnest.org
Anonymous Coward
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10/14/2014 09:56 PM
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Re: Smoking Gun; what does USAMRIID research say about aerosolized Ebola Zaire?
Tubes, seriously?!?! Surprised you didn't call them valves!
Get real!

LEDs are the way, genius.


Thank you, Emerald Eye, for your efforts.

So I have a question, maybe not as foolish as I first thought it was a month or two back, but here goes:

Will a full spectrum grow light kill the virus? I have a pair of 600 watt fixtures for starting veggies every spring, and they only have the one season on them. And if so, any thoughts on how many hours it would take to be reasonably assured its killed?

This supposes that sunlight (and bleach) are our most effective means of treating surfaces contaminated with the virus.

Any thoughts, anyone?
 Quoting: suvalley


Worthless because its too weak and insufficient UV intensity .
the least expensive uv air and surface disinfective rig would be a shop light twin tube fluorescent fixture with UV tubes in them
they used to put these all over TB wards back in the day before effective drug treatments.
commercial UV sterilization units are expensive
 Quoting: Anonymous Coward 2048750


You need to find tubes that generate wavelengths on 100 to. 280 nm.
UV-C is short wave and degrades the Dna.
if this similarly affects Rna is assumed but not specifically described.
Uv light will burn the eyes especially so precautions would be required.
commercial systems are contained in air ducts to prevent this but then theres no surface disinfection effect.
 Quoting: Anonymous Coward 5780126
Dog Wayne

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10/14/2014 10:25 PM
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Re: Smoking Gun; what does USAMRIID research say about aerosolized Ebola Zaire?
Here is some information on vitamin D as an anti-viral.
“Vitamin D and the anti-viral state”

“Vitamin D has long been recognized as essential to the skeletal system. Newer evidence suggests that it also plays a major role regulating the immune system, perhaps including immune responses to viral infection. Interventional and observational epidemiological studies provide evidence that vitamin D deficiency may confer increased risk of influenza and respiratory tract infection. Vitamin D deficiency is also prevalent among patients with HIV infection. Cell culture experiments support the thesis that vitamin D has direct anti-viral effects particularly against enveloped viruses. Though vitamin D’s anti-viral mechanism has not been fully established, it may be linked to vitamin D’s ability to up-regulate the anti-microbial peptides LL-37 and human beta defensin 2. Additional studies are necessary to fully elucidate the efficacy and mechanism of vitamin D as an anti-viral agent.”



[link to www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]


I will try to post again later.hf
 Quoting: emerald eye


Please do...amazing thread from an amazing lady!

Thank You!
"The Tree of Liberty is Thirsty and needs Watering"

-Me
Anonymous Coward
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Re: Smoking Gun; what does USAMRIID research say about aerosolized Ebola Zaire?
bump for later
geekymedic

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Re: Smoking Gun; what does USAMRIID research say about aerosolized Ebola Zaire?
OP This is great info. It is exactly what is talked about in the "Hot Zone". Pick it up and read it.
Anonymous Coward
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Re: Smoking Gun; what does USAMRIID research say about aerosolized Ebola Zaire?
THIS THREAD SHOULD BE PERMANENTLY PINNED AT THE TOP OF THE FORUM
soccerinco

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Re: Smoking Gun; what does USAMRIID research say about aerosolized Ebola Zaire?
I've got some black lights for halloween. Will they work as uv sources?
Anonymous Coward
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Re: Smoking Gun; what does USAMRIID research say about aerosolized Ebola Zaire?
Been wondering if the Ebola Reston virus, as it appears nonlethal to humans (small sample size sure) could confer immunity to other Ebola family virii. Similar to how cow pox gives immunity to small pox. Scientists would just have to watch out for the SV-40 type issues this time.
Anonymous Coward
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Re: Smoking Gun; what does USAMRIID research say about aerosolized Ebola Zaire?
Guess who scientifically proved and published that lethal infections in primates can be caused by aerosolized Ebola Zaire? USAMRIID

Who is the United State Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases?

“Since 1969, USAMRIID has served as the Department of Defense's (DoD) lead laboratory for medical biological defense research. While our core mission is to protect the warfighter from biological threats, we also investigate disease outbreaks and threats to public health.

[link to www.usamriid.army.mil]

The United State Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, USA published the following scientific study and paper in 1995:
“Lethal experimental infections of rhesus monkeys by aerosolized Ebola virus.”


I wasn't going to post this here, because I didn't want to make people more afraid than they already are, but they deserve to know the truth. The shocking disregard of our criminal government for the health of its citizens, the insane behavior of the CDC, and other governmental agencies, and inappropriate laxity of the airline industry, along with the almost willful encouragement of Ebola to be seeded to the US and elsewhere have changed my mind.

Please download this PDF before it “disappears”.


“Lethal experimental infections of rhesus monkeys by aerosolized Ebola virus”
“E. JOHNSON, N. JAAX, J. WHITE AND P. JAHRLING”
“United State Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, USA”
“Received for publication 13 January 1995”
“Accepted for publication 24 May 1995”



"Discussion: This study demonstrates aerosol transmission of Ebola virus to non-human primates. Inhalation doses as low as 400 PFU of virus caused a fatal illness clinically similar to that previously reported for monkeys infected by parenteral inoculation (Baskerville et a/. 1978; Bowen et at. 1978; Fisher-Hoch et a/. 1985). The illness was characterized by fever, anorexia and a petechial rash. Fibrin deposition and fibrin thrombi throughout the vascular system in all monkeys suggested that disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) may have also played a role in the clinical manifestations of Ebola virus infection.
Our aerosol infectivity findings for Ebola virus support Dalgard's and Pokhodyaev's observations that suggested a role for aerosol transmission of filoviruses in monkeys. Epidemiology studies of human disease outbreaks in sub-Saharan Africa did not suggest that aerosol transmission of filoviruses was likely in that setting."

Although coughing was common among the human Ebola haemorrhagic fever cases in Africa, there was no direct evidence for the aerogenic spread of Ebola virus in human populations. Several potential explanations might account for this situation. It is possible that the quantity and distribution of the virus within most patient’s respiratory tracts may have been below the level needed to establish effective aerosol transmission. “

We also demonstrated aerosol transmission of Ebola virus at lower temperature and humidity than normally present in sub-Saharan Africa. Ebola virus sensitivity to the high temperatures and humidity in the thatched, mud and wattle huts shared by infected family members in southern Sudan and northern Zaire may have been a factor limiting aerosol transmission of Ebola virus in the African epidemics."

"Both elevated temperate and relative humidity (RH) have been shown to reduce the aerosol stability of viruses (Songer 1967). Our experiments were conducted at 24 degrees C and less than 40% RH, conditions which are known to favor the aerosol stability of at least two other African haemorrhagic fever viruses, Rift Valley fever and Lassa (Stephenson et al. 1984; Anderson et al 1991)."

"If the same holds true for filo viruses, aerosol transmission is a greater threat in modern hospital or laboratory settings than it is in the natural climatic ranges of viruses. The route of infection, or the degree of the pulmonary involvement of the primary cases may also be an important factor to consider when evaluation the natural aerosol transmissibility of the filoviruses."

"While both parenteral and aerosol exposure to Ebola virus causes systemic disease involving all organs, monkeys exposed to the viral aerosols during our study developed strong immunoreactivity for Ebola Virus antigen in airway epithelium. In oral and nasal secretions, and in bronchial and tracheobronchial lymphoid tissue. By electron microscopy, viral replication after aerosol exposure occurred in the lungs and tracheobronchial lymph nodes, and extracellular virus accumulated in alveoli of the lung."

"Copious extracellular Ebola virus antigen was present in secretions on the mucosal surfaces of the nose, oral cavity and pulmonary airways of aerosol exposed monkeys, strong evidence to support the potential for secondary spread of Ebola virus by aerosol. As previously stated, aerosol spread was implicated in the spread of disease among the monkeys at Reston (Dalgard et al. 1992; Geisbert 1992) and may have occurred between monkeys and animal handlers who were in close contact with infected monkeys (CDC 1990)"

"Finally, host sensitivity to filovirus infections may also be a significant factor influencing the degree of aerosol transmissibility Asian (Macaca fascicularis) and African (Cercopithecus aethiops) monkeys know to be disseminating hosts for filoviruses (Gear et al 197; CDC 1990). Virus replicates extensively in Ebola virus infected non-human primates, reaching high concentrations in tissues (consistently greater than 6 log 10/g of tissue or serum for Reston virus,; P. Jahrling unpublished). Quantitate data for viraemia levels in humans are lacking as are estimates of minimal infections aerosol doses. Certainly filoviruses have infected humans with no known history of parenteral or ocular inoculation of the viruses. (Martini 1971; CDC 1990) and a respiratory route of infection cannot be rule out (Simpson 1977). Those cases may have resulted from exposures to unusual concentrations of aerosolized virus not often encountered naturally. In that regard, retrospective examination of any available archived human tissues by immunocytochemistry could prove to be helpful.


"Regardless, we have shown that Ebola virus (Zaire strain) can be transmitted by aerosol in an experimental primate model. In light of the pathogenicity of human filovirus infections, health care personnel at risk of exposure should use precautions to minimize the risk of aerosol exposure while managing acutely ill haemorrhagic fever cases of unknown or filoviral etiology. The risk can be markedly reduced by adhering to sound and practical infectious disease management procedures. This requires curtailing aerosol generating procedures; using protective clothing including gloves and masks, adequately decontaminating potentially infectious material, and conducting viral diagnostic procedures in regional containment facilities capable of safely handling highly hazardous infectious agents (Comperts et al 1978; CDC 1988).”

[link to www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

(Less than 50% quoted as per GLP policy)


So the bottom line here; in my opinion, is that the CDC is basing its current recommendations on epidemiologic studies from a different climate and environment, while the US army research shows scientifically and conclusively that aerosolized Ebola Zaire transmission is possible in primates, and is probably more likely to occur in a colder and less humid environment than exists in Africa.

Guess what, we are heading into the cold dry months throughout the northern hemisphere with far less UV (sunlight) than in equatorial Africa.

We know that UV light to some degree inactivates most viruses, including the Ebola and Lassa viruses, specifically the 254 nm wavelength.
“The data obtained indicate that the UV resistance of Lassa virus is higher than that of Ebola virus. The UV sensitivity of vaccinia virus (a surrogate for variola virus) appeared intermediate between that of the two virulent viruses studied.

[link to nihbrp.com]

Here is a good paper on preventing the aerosolized transmission of the H1N1 virus.
[link to www.dtic.mil]

Good luck to us all, be smart, and be safe.hf
 Quoting: emerald eye


Someone I know very well told me that they were working at the University of Florida in Gainesville a few years ago. He said at the time they were doing Ebola experiments on monkeys and it was horrible. He also said that there was a town in Kansas that had a lab working on Ebola and everyone in that town is now dead. I did not ask the name of the town.

He had no reason to lie to me in a private conversation, and I have nothing to gain, so believe what I write or not.
Anonymous Coward
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10/14/2014 11:16 PM
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Re: Smoking Gun; what does USAMRIID research say about aerosolized Ebola Zaire?
appreciate your work, thanks OP.

I am glad you did not hold back this info. surprise, surprise ....
Earl of Grey

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10/14/2014 11:21 PM
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Re: Smoking Gun; what does USAMRIID research say about aerosolized Ebola Zaire?
She is exactly right. (see my post Thread: Ebola- Why CDC screening will ultimately fail. )

One other thing to keep in mind... The CDC KNOWS that this is an aerosol spread. That's why its a biosafety level 4 disease (“for work with dangerous and exotic agents that pose a high individual risk of aerosol- transmitted laboratory infections”) see slide 10 [link to www.cdc.gov] and [link to en.wikipedia.org]

They will say the deception is in the name of avoiding panic. In reality it shows that the government values it's control more than it values your life.

Last Edited by Earl of Grey on 10/14/2014 11:22 PM
Anonymous Coward
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Re: Smoking Gun; what does USAMRIID research say about aerosolized Ebola Zaire?
OP = EMERALD EYE + HEART OF GOLD

hf

Thank you very much for your time and effort in doing this thread. The best one so far on Ebola, the most informative and unfortunately the most scary...

There was a theory on GLP that some blood groups or DNA's may be resistant to this virus (personally I don't believe it) but after reading your post on experiments with rhesus monkeys it makes me wonder if I should read between the lines...

Any thoughts?

Once again, THANK YOU VERY MUCH :)
Anonymous Coward
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Re: Smoking Gun; what does USAMRIID research say about aerosolized Ebola Zaire?
Just for clarification, the term airborne is a technical definition of the size of the particulate matter that is around. This number depending on the paper is 5-10 micrometers in size.

Droplets over the size of 10 micrometers are generally not considered airborne as they fall to the ground around 1-2 meters/second.

Keep in mind a sneeze or cough can AEROSOLIZE virus in these bigger droplets and transmit disease.

At _THIS_ time, it is felt that the virus is unstable with the oxidation that occurs in the air in smaller particles and can not survive "floating around" like tb.

So those animals could easily infect each other within 8 feet for sure and in isolated cases perhaps even further.
emerald eye  (OP)
Keeping an "eye out" for the truth.

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10/15/2014 12:25 AM

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Re: Smoking Gun; what does USAMRIID research say about aerosolized Ebola Zaire?
First thanks for all of your kind comments, I am somewhat surprised about the attention this thread is now receiving after being dormant for a while.

I have been reading about how the Niemann-Pick C1 mechanism seems to need to be necessary for the Ebola virus to enter cells:

[link to www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

I had a very long post explaining how some of the plant sterols may also inhibit the expression of Niemann-PickC1:

[link to www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]


I also tried to answer the questions that some had about the blood types (HLA-B) that seemed to possibly confer some resistance to Ebola in this paper:


“Our findings indicate that expression of the B*07 allele, which is highly associated with survival, confers a phenotype that efficiently drives T cell activation and CTL expansion early in the SEBOV infection, whereas alleles that are highly associated with fatalities (e.g., B*67 and B*15) contribute to an inefficient or unresponsive phenotype.”


[link to jid.oxfordjournals.org]


Here is a reference for the national distributions of the HLA-B-7…it looks like it might be good to be of Irish descent dasbier



[link to en.wikipedia.org]


When I hit the post button…the post just disappeared…poof….and gone.verysad

I will try to recreate some of it tomorrow…sorry. I don't know what reference or link caused it to vanish into thin air....and damn, I didn't copy it first.

Last Edited by emerald eye on 10/15/2014 12:30 AM
Courage forges a path through all obstacles,
while fear is the obstruction of all dreams.


The only way that anyone gets something for nothing, is that someone else has given up something for nothing.
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Re: Smoking Gun; what does USAMRIID research say about aerosolized Ebola Zaire?
"...alleles that are highly associated with fatalities (e.g., B*67 and B*15) contribute to an inefficient or unresponsive phenotype."

It seems that it would be Asians and Africans...
lap

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10/15/2014 01:33 AM
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Re: Smoking Gun; what does USAMRIID research say about aerosolized Ebola Zaire?
Thanks for all your information Op! We really have to take care of ourselves and family now. Too much stress lowers the immune system so please keep that in mind as you prepare. God be with us all.
lap

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